1. outcome ['aʊtkʌm] 
n. 结果，结局；成果
It's too early to know the outcome of her illness. 现在还不知道她的病情结果。

2. income ['ɪnkʌm]  
n. 收入，收益；所得
Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own home. 许多低收入家庭根本无力购买房子。

3. speculate ['spekjʊleɪt]  
v. 推测；投机；思索
Critics of the project speculate about how many hospitals could be built instead. 该项目的批评者们则猜想这相当于可以建多少家医院。

4. diffuse[dɪ'fjuːz]  
v. 扩散；传播；漫射
The printing press helped diffuse scientific knowledge. 印刷品有助于传播科学知识。

5. explicit [ɪk'splɪsɪt]  
adj. 明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的
We are quite explicit about political affairs.    我们对政治问题态度十分明朗。

6. definite ['defɪnɪt] 
adj. 一定的；确切的
It's too soon to give a definite answer. 现在给予明确答复还为时尚早。

7. fragment  ['frægm(ə)nt]  
n. 碎片；片断或不完整部分v. 使成碎片
She read everything, digesting every fragment of news. 她什么都读，对新闻的每一个片段都细细品味。

8. horizon  [hə'raɪz(ə)n]  
n. [天] 地平线；视野；眼界；范围
As your horizons expand, these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life. 随着你的眼界不断开阔，这些新观念将给你的生活赋予崭新的意义。

9. penalty  ['pen(ə)ltɪ] 
n. 罚款，罚金；处罚
One of those arrested could face the death penalty. 那些被捕之人其中的一个可能会面临死刑。

10. punishment['pʌnɪʃm(ə)nt]  
n. 惩罚；严厉对待，虐待
The government is proposing tougher punishments for officials convicted of corruption. 该政府正在提议对被判贪污罪的官员予以更严厉的处罚。