Text 2

For years studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen rather than close” achievement gap based on social class according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science。
    But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students。
    The authors of the paper are from different universities and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree
    Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap。
    Many first-generation students’ struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the rules of the game, and take advantage of college resources” they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve

26. Recruiting more first-generation students has

[A]reduced their dropout rates

[B]narrowed the achievement gap

[C] missed its original purpose

[D]depressed college students

27 The author of the research article are optimistic because

[A]the problem is solvable

[B]their approach is costless

[C]the recruiting rate has increased

[D]their finding appeal to students

28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students

[A]study at private universities

[B]are from single-parent families

[C] are in need of financial support

[D]have failed their collage

29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

[A]are actually indifferent to the achievement gap

[B]can have a potential influence on other students

[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects

[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

30.We may infer from the last paragraph that――

[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class

[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

[C]social class greatly helps en rich educational experiences

[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

Text 2答案及解析：

26. 答案 C missed its original purpose 细节题 定位在首段末句，This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen rather than close” achievement gap.文中说雇佣第一代大学生然后看着他们失败，这是一种自相矛盾的事，这意味着更进一步的教育不断扩大了而不是缩小了这种差距。C选项是此句话的概括，也就是招聘第一代大学没能达到其最初的目的。
    27. 答案 A the problem is solvable 因果细节题 定位在二段首句， But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem...文章相当乐观因为它给出了可能解决这一问题的办法，as后就是文章乐观的原因，it outlines a potential solution to this problem与A选项同意替换。
    28. 答案C are in need of financial support 细节题 定位在三段第三句 Most of the first-generation students (59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grant, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need... with financial need..与选项C同意替换
    29. 答案D are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 细节题 定位在四段首句后半句 ....first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. 第一代大学生缺少的不是潜力，而是在处理大多数大学生面对的问题时的实际的常识。but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students与选项D同意替换
    30. 答案 D  colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question 段落推断题 定位在末段第三句 Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience....因为美国一些学院和大学很少承认社会阶级对学生教育经历的影响，所以。。。这就意味着学校应该为目前的问题负部分责任，与选项D相对应。